Polyurethane or PVC: Which Should You Choose?

When it comes to selecting the right material for tubing, you might find yourself torn between Polyurethane and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Both materials are popular choices in various industries, but which is the right material for you?

To help you make a decision, let’s break down the key advantages, differences, and applications of polyurethane and PVC. Keep reading to learn more…

PVC vs. polyurethane tubing

Polyurethane and PVC are both thermoplastics, meaning they become malleable at high temperatures and solidify upon cooling. This makes them great for creating flexible, durable tubing. However, each material has its own strengths and weaknesses:

PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely produced plastics globally. Strong, lightweight, and resistant to acids and bases, it can be made flexible by adding plasticisers during the manufacturing process.

PVC is commonly used in various applications, from plumbing and sewage systems, to flooring and electrical insulation. PVC is also fire-resistant and easily recyclable.

One of the significant advantages of PVC is its affordability. It is generally cheaper than polyurethane, making it a great cost-effective option for many applications in a wide range of industries, including construction, agriculture, and food processing.

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Polyurethane

Known for its excellent flexibility, high abrasion resistance, and durability, polyurethane maintains its flexibility even in extreme cold and offers fantastic resistance to chemicals, oils, and solvents. 

Polyurethane tubing comes in two types: ester-based and ether-based. While both are highly resistant to abrasion, ether-based polyurethanes excel in low-temperature flexibility, hydrolysis resistance, and microbial resistance; whereas ester-based polyurethanes offer better chemical resistance and adhesion strength.

Polyurethane is widely used in applications that require a high degree of flexibility and durability, such as pneumatic control systems, robotics, and medical devices. Its ability to withstand harsh environments makes it an excellent choice for outdoor applications as well.

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Should you pick polyurethane or PVC tubing? 

Deciding between polyurethane and PVC tubing can be challenging. Each material has its unique advantages that make it suitable for various applications, so you will need to consider which of the following categories are most important for your situation.

Cost

PVC tubing tends to be cheaper than polyurethane, which can be particularly advantageous for large-scale projects or industries with tight budgets. If cost is a primary concern, PVC might be the better choice without compromising too much on performance.

Winner: PVC.

Flexibility

Both Polyurethane and PVC tubing offer tremendous flexibility. However, polyurethane maintains its flexibility even in extreme cold, whereas PVC can become brittle in such conditions. 

This makes polyurethane a better choice for applications that involve low temperatures or require a high degree of flexibility, such as in pneumatic control systems and robotics.

Winner: polyurethane.

Compatibility

Both Polyurethane and PVC tubing are versatile and compatible with a wide range of fittings and applications.

Polyurethane tubing is highly adaptable and can be used with various fittings and connectors. Its flexibility allows it to fit into tight spaces and navigate complex systems with ease. This makes it an excellent choice for applications that require intricate tubing layouts or frequent adjustments.

PVC tubing is also highly versatile and can be used in a multitude of applications. Its rigidity and strength make it suitable for more stable and permanent installations. It can be easily cut to length and joined with standard fittings, making it a convenient option for quick and straightforward installations.

Winner: both.

Environmental impact

In today's world, considering the environmental impact of materials is vital. And, polyurethane and PVC have different environmental footprints.

Polyurethane is a thermosetting polymer, which means it can be challenging to recycle. However, advances in recycling technologies are improving the ability to reclaim and reuse polyurethane materials.

It's worth noting that polyurethane tubing often has a longer lifespan, which can reduce the frequency of replacement and, consequently, waste.

PVC, on the other hand, is more widely recycled and has a resin identification code of 3. Its recyclability and the fact that it is used in a variety of applications make it a more sustainable option in some cases. 

However, the production of PVC involves chlorine, which can be harmful to the environment if not managed properly.

Winner: for longevity - polyurethane. For recyclability - PVC.

Ease of installation

The ease of installation can be a deciding factor when choosing between polyurethane and PVC tubing.

Polyurethane tubing is highly flexible and can easily navigate through tight spaces and around obstacles. Its flexibility also makes it easier to handle and install, especially in complex systems where precision is required.

PVC tubing, while more rigid, is straightforward to install in less complex systems. It can be cut to size with standard tools and joined using various fittings and adhesives. This makes it a convenient option for straightforward, large-scale installations.

Winner: PVC.

Durability

Polyurethane tubing is highly durable and resistant to abrasion, chemicals, oils, and solvents, which makes it suitable for demanding applications where the tubing might be exposed to harsh conditions, such as outdoor environments or industrial settings. 

On the other hand, PVC tubing is resistant to acidic chemicals and does not transfer odours or tastes to substances, making it ideal for food and drinking water applications.

Refer to the table below for a better understanding of the resistances of each type:

How to select the right tubing for your application

When choosing between polyurethane and PVC tubing, it's essential to consider the specific requirements of your application. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:

• Diameter: depending on the volume of the application, you’ll need to select the appropriate diameter for your tubing. Larger diameters can handle more volume, while smaller diameters may be suitable for precise applications.

• Length: determine whether you need long lengths of tubing or just a few metres. Long lengths of tubing can be beneficial for extensive systems, while shorter lengths might be more manageable for smaller projects or temporary setups.

• Solution: consider the type of solution that will flow through the tubing, such as; chemicals, solvents, oils, food, or drinking water. Different solutions have varying effects on the tubing material. For example, polyurethane is excellent for handling oils and solvents, while PVC is better suited for acidic chemicals and food-grade applications.

• Environment: evaluate the working environment where the tubing will be used. Is it subject to extreme temperatures or high pressure? Will the tubing be used outdoors, exposed to weather elements? Polyurethane tubing is more resistant to extreme cold and abrasion, making it suitable for harsh environments, while PVC tubing is more cost-effective for less demanding conditions.

• Movement: does application require frequent bending or movement? If yes, polyurethane's superior flexibility makes it an excellent choice. PVC's rigidity might be more suitable for stationary applications where the tubing won't be subjected to constant movement.

Common uses for polyurethane and PVC tubes

To provide a clearer picture of which material may be better for your needs, let’s delve into some common applications for each type of tubing.

Polyurethane tubes

Polyurethane tubes can be used in:

• Pneumatic systems: due to its flexibility and durability, polyurethane tubing is commonly used in pneumatic control systems. Its ability to withstand high pressures and repeated bending without compromising strength makes it a top choice in this field.

• Medical devices: the resilience and biocompatibility of polyurethane tubing make it ideal for use in medical tubing and equipment. Its ability to withstand repeated flexing makes it reliable in critical applications such as intravenous lines, catheters, and surgical instruments.

• Robotics: the flexibility of polyurethane tubing allows it to be used in robotics, where precise movement and adaptability are essential. Its ability to navigate complex systems and tight spaces makes it a preferred material for robotic arms and automated machinery.

• Automotive: polyurethane tubing is also used in the automotive industry for fuel lines, brake systems, and air conditioning systems. Its resistance to chemicals and abrasion delivers long-lasting performance under demanding conditions.

PVC tubes

On the other hand, you’ll commonly find PVC tubes used in:

• Plumbing: PVC's resistance to acidic chemicals and durability make it a popular choice for plumbing systems. It is commonly used in residential and commercial plumbing for pipes and fittings due to its longevity and ease of installation.

• Food and beverage: PVC tubing does not transfer odours or tastes, making it suitable for food and drinking water applications. Its compliance with food safety standards ensures that it can be safely used in food processing plants, beverage production lines, and water purification systems.

• Construction: the low cost and high versatility of PVC make it a popular product in the construction industry. PVC's durability and weather resistance make it suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. It is used in a variety of applications, including electrical insulation, flooring, and cladding.

• Agriculture: in the agriculture sector, PVC tubing is used for irrigation systems, drainage systems, and hydroponics. Its resistance to chemicals and environmental factors make it highly suitable for use in agricultural applications.

• HVAC systems: PVC is also used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as its ability to withstand temperature fluctuations and its fire-resistant properties make it an ideal choice for ductwork and ventilation components.

Meet all your polyurethane and PVC hose needs at The Hosemaster.

Choosing between Polyurethane and PVC tubing ultimately depends on your specific needs and application requirements. Before making your decision, consider the specific requirements of your application and the properties of each material. Both materials offer unique advantages and can be the ideal solution for different scenarios.

But whichever material you decide, The Hosemaster is here to help. We have a wide range of hose parts and fittings to choose from to suit your needs.

If you have more questions, you can contact us online, or call 01282 604 002 to speak to one of our friendly members of staff.

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